Eficacia de la analgesia peridural continua con bupivacaína y fentanilo en la cirugía de colon / Efficacy of continuous peridural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl in colon surgery

Introducción: En la cirugía de colon se persigue lograr una recuperación acelerada y se debate el método analgésico más ventajoso. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia analgésica de la infusión continua peridural con bupivacaína y fentanilo frente a la analgesia parenteral en este tipo de intervención. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal, en 30 pacientes operados de colon entre agosto 2018 agosto 2019 en el Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay; divididos de forma no aleatoria en grupo analgesia peridural y grupo analgesia multimodal endovenosa. Resultados: La demora en despertar y extubar en el grupo peridural fue inferior (1,6-1,8 min) a los 4,9-5,0 min en el multimodal, igual ocurrió con la estadía en Unidad Cuidados Intensivos Quirúrgicos y hospitalaria aunque con discreta diferencia. El 60 por ciento de los pacientes en el grupo peridural presentaron ruidos hidroaéreos en las primeras 24 h y el 80 por ciento expulsó gases a las 48 h o antes, con marcada diferencia del multimodal. La analgesia fue buena en ambos grupos, valores de escala visual análoga inferiores en el grupo peridural, solo el 13,3 por ciento necesitó dosis rescate frente al 26,7 por ciento en el multimodal. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron hipotensión (23,3 por ciento) y bradicardia (10 por ciento), sin diferencias entre grupos. La analgesia aceleró la recuperación en el 87,5 por ciento de los casos en el grupo peridural superior al 76 por ciento del grupo multimodal. Conclusiones: La analgesia peridural continua con bupivacaína y fentanilo es más eficaz que la analgesia multimodal endovenosa en la cirugía de colon y acelera la recuperación posoperatoria(AU)

Introduction: In colon surgery, accelerated recovery is pursued and the most advantageous analgesic method is still under debate. Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous epidural infusion with bupivacaine and fentanyl versus parenteral analgesia in this type of operation. Methods: A quasiexperimental, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out with thirty patients who underwent colon surgery, between August 2018 and August 2019 at Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Central Military Hospital, nonrandomly divided into an epidural analgesia group and a multimodal intravenous analgesia group. Results: The awakening and extubation time in the epidural group was lower (1.6 -1.8 min) than the 4.9 to 5.0 min for the multimodal group. The same happened with intensive care unit and hospital stay, although with a discrete difference. 60 percent of the patients from the epidural group presented hydroaerial noise within the first 24 hours and 80 percent expelled gasses at 48 hours or earlier, with a marked difference in the multimodal group. Analgesia was good in both groups, with lower visual analog scale values in the peridural group; only 13.3 percent required rescue doses compared to 26.7 percent in the multimodal group. The most frequent complications were hypotension (23.3 percent ) and bradycardia (10 percent ), without differences between groups. Analgesia accelerated recovery for 87.5 percent of cases in the epidural group, compared to 76 percent in the multimodal group. Conclusions: Continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl is more effective than multimodal intravenous analgesia in colon surgery and accelerates postoperative recovery(AU)

Propuesta de medicina perioperatoria en México: protocolo Enhance Recovery After Surgery aplicada a cesárea / Proposal for perioperative medicine in Mexico: Enhance Recovery After Surgery protocol applied to cesarean section

Resumen: El manejo perioperatorio de los pacientes programados de cirugía electiva está cambiando, dejando atrás la experiencia o los hábitos adquiridos en la práctica. Está demostrado que una rápida recuperación postquirúrgica acorta el tiempo de hospitalización y recuperación, asimismo contribuye a la disminución de complicaciones perioperatorias y costos. Con la creación del protocolo recuperación acelerada después de cirugía (ERAS, por sus siglas en inglés: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery), se desarrolló una combinación de estrategias relacionadas al cuidado del paciente desde el momento en que se decide su intervención quirúrgica hasta el egreso hospitalario. Estas guías basadas en evidencia científica son un conjunto de estrategias multimodales cuyo fundamento se basa en la recuperación temprana de las funciones fisiológicas del paciente. En un principio fueron creadas para cirugías de colon y recto; y posteriormente extrapoladas a diferentes especialidades, siendo incluida en pacientes gineco-obstetras con el beneficio de ir más allá en la mejora de los resultados clínicos, al contar con el potencial de acelerar la recuperación de una paciente obstétrica que está en transición a la maternidad y cuidado del recién nacido. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de los principales componentes del protocolo ERAS y su aplicación en cirugía cesárea para mejorar la calidad de la atención brindada.

Abstract: The perioperative management of patients scheduled for elective surgery is changing and thus leaving behind the expertise or the habits previously acquired during practice. It has been demonstrated that the quick postsurgical recovery shortens both the time in hospital and recovery, and also contributes to the decrease of perioperative complications and costs. With the creation of the Protocol of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), there came the development of a combination of strategies related to the patient's care; from the moment the surgical intervention is decided to the discharge from hospital. These based on scientific evidence guidelines are a set of multimodal strategies whose foundations rely on the early recovery of the patient's physiological functions. At first the guidelines were created for colon and rectal surgeries, however, they have been transferred to different specialties, including obstetric and gynecological patients, with the benefit of going further in the improvement of clinical results, as it counts on the potential of accelerating the recovery of the obstetrical patient in transition to both motherhood and care to the newborn. The objective of this article is to review the main components of ERAS protocol and its application in the cesarean section surgery so as to enhanced the quality in the provision of care.

Protocolo de recuperación acelerada en adultos mayores con fracturas de miembros inferiores. Cárdenas, 2015-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: el perioperatorio evoluciona para reducir el estrés causado por el trauma quirúrgico y lograr recuperación temprana. Las lesiones traumáticas del sistema osteomioarticular constituyen una causa frecuente de asistencia médica y un problema de salud mundial, donde la reincorporación precoz a la vida cotidiana es fundamental para la disminución de la morbilidad. Frente a esto, aplicar los protocolos de recuperación acelerada sería muy ventajoso. En una revisión efectuada por los autores, no se encontraron guías o manuales en Cuba que brinden pautas metodológicas para la implementación de estos. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la implementación de los protocolos de recuperación acelerada en adultos mayores con fracturas de miembros inferiores, en el Hospital General Docente Julio M. Aristegui Villamil, de Cárdenas, entre el 1 de enero de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre la aplicación del protocolo de recuperación acelerada en adultos mayores con fracturas de miembros inferiores. Se utilizaron las variables: sexo, localización de la fractura, patologías asociadas, recuperación acelerada, presencia de complicaciones y estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: predominó la fractura de cadera como la patología de origen traumática en ambos sexos. La hipertensión arterial fue la patología asociada mayor reportada. Se logró una evolución satisfactoria en el mayor número de pacientes. El reporte de complicaciones fue mínimo. La estadía hospitalaria promedio de 48 horas tuvo mayor representatividad. Conclusiones: el protocolo de trabajo diseñado contribuyó a la recuperación precoz del adulto mayor con fractura en miembros inferiores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the perioperative process evolves to reduce the stress caused by surgical trauma and achieve early recovery. Traumatic injuries of the osteomyoarticular system are a frequent cause of medical care and a health problem around the world, where early return to daily life is crucial to morbidity decrease. Faced with this, applying accelerated recovery protocols would be very helpful. In a review carried out by the authors no guidelines or manuals were found in Cuba that provide methodological rules for their implementation. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of accelerated recovery protocols in older adults with lower limbs fractures, at the General Teaching Hospital Julio Aristegui Villamil, of Cardenas, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was carried out on the application of the accelerated recovery protocol in older people with lower limbs fractures. The used variables were: gender, location of the fracture, associated pathologies, accelerated recovery, presence of complications and hospital stay. Results: hip fracture predominated as the pathology of traumatic origins in both genders. Arterial hypertension was the main associated pathology reported. Satisfactory evolution was achieved in the largest number of patients. The report of complications was minimal. The average hospital stay of 48 hours was more representative. Conclusions: the designed work protocol contributed to the early recovery of elder people with a lower limb fracture.

Beneficios del preoperatorio con recuperación acelerada en pacientes operados de colon por cirugía electiva / Preoperative Benefits with Accelerated Recovery on Patients Operated on for Colon Cancer by Elective Surgery

Introducción: Con la introducción del programa de recuperación acelerada en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Militar de Ejército "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy" han ocurrido cambios en la atención perioperatoria del paciente con cirugía electiva para el cáncer de colon. Es de vital importancia conocer sus beneficios en relación al procedimiento tradicional desde que se decide la intervención quirúrgica. Objetivo: Evaluar los beneficios de la recuperación acelerada en pacientes operados de colon por cirugía electiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de caso y control durante el período de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. El grupo de casos cumplió con 12 acciones perioperatorias definidas por el programa de recuperación acelerada y el de control siguió el procedimiento tradicional. Se realizó análisis bivariable de Chi cuadrado y Odds Ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Con la implementación del programa de recuperación acelerada desde el preoperatorio, los pacientes llegaron a la cirugía con adecuada capacidad funcional y compensación de sus comorbilidades. Esta conducta favoreció la evolución posoperatoria, redujo las complicaciones en un 33 por ciento Odds Ratio de 0,05 y la estadía hospitalaria en 5,67 días con Odds Ratio de 2[10,4-5,1]. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con el procedimiento de recuperación acelerada en su preoperatorio recibieron beneficios en relación a reducir el estrés quirúrgico, mayores reservas fisiológicas y mejor recuperación posoperatoria. La estadía hospitalaria está asociada significativamente a la edad de los pacientes, las comorbilidades y número de estas(AU)

Introduction: With the introduction of the accelerated recovery program in the general surgery service of Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Military Hospital of the Army (Matanzas, Cuba), changes have occurred in the perioperative care of the patient with elective surgery for colon cancer. It is of vital importance to know its benefits with respect to the traditional procedure from the moment the surgical intervention is decided. Objective: To assess the benefits of accelerated recovery in patients undergoing elective colon surgery. Methods: An analytical case-control study was carried out during the period from January 2015 to December 2019. The case group completed 12 perioperative actions defined by the accelerated recovery program, while the control group followed the traditional procedure. A bivariate analysis of chi-square and odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval was performed. Results: With the implementation of the accelerated recovery program from the preoperative period, patients arrived at surgery with adequate functional capacity and compensation of their comorbidities. This behavior favored postoperative evolution, reduced complications by 33 percent (OR: 0.05) and hospital stay by 5.67 days (OR: 2) [10.4-5.1]. Conclusions: With the accelerated recovery procedure in their preoperative period, patients received benefits associated with reduced surgical stress, greater physiological reserves and better postoperative recovery. Hospital stay is significantly associated with patient age, comorbidities and number of comorbidities(AU)

Implementación del protocolo de recuperación acelerada en la histerectomía abdominal / Implementation of the accelerated recovery protocol in abdominal hysterectomy

Introducción: El perioperatorio en la cirugía electiva evoluciona para reducir el estrés inmunológico y metabólico causado por el trauma quirúrgico y lograr una recuperación temprana. Las enfermedades ginecológicas constituyen un problema de salud mundial, en la que la rehabilitación y reincorporación precoz a la cotidianeidad es fundamental en la disminución de la morbilidad. No existen guías y manuales en Cuba que brinden pautas metodológicas para la implementación de estos protocolos. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la implementación de los protocolos de recuperación acelerada en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía abdominal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de casos-control, en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía abdominal en el Hospital General Docente Julio M. Aristegui Villamil en el año 2017. Se utilizaron las variables: grupos etáreos, tiempo de apertura de la vía oral, tiempo de inicio de la deambulación, tiempo de aparición del dolor, variación de la glicemia, presencia de náuseas, vómitos y complicaciones, estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: Predominó la edad entre 41 y 60 años en ambos grupos. En el grupo casos prevaleció la apertura de la vía oral en las primeras 4 h y la deambulación precoz según el esquema en las primeras 3 h. Se reportó mayor incidencia de dolor en el grupo control al igual que la variación de la glicemia, también reportándose náuseas, vómitos y complicaciones como fiebre e íleo paralítico. Se logró una estadía hospitalaria promedio de 24 h en el grupo de casos mientras que en el tradicional fue superior. Conclusiones: El protocolo de trabajo diseñado contribuyó a la recuperación precoz(AU)

Introduction: The perioperative period in elective surgery evolves up to reducing immune and metabolic stress caused by surgical trauma and achieving early recovery. Gynecological diseases are a global health concern in which rehabilitation and early return to daily life is essential in reducing morbidity. There are no guides and manuals in Cuba that provide methodological guidelines for the implementation of these protocols. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of implementing accelerated recovery protocols in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: An analytical and observational case-control study was carried out in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy at Julio M. Aristegui Villamil General Teaching Hospital in 2017. The following variables were used: age groups, oral intake time, ambulation onset time, pain onset time, glycemic variation, presence of nausea, vomiting and complications, hospital stay. Results: Age between 41 and 60 years predominated in both groups. In the case group, there was a prevalence of oral intake time at four hours and of early ambulation, according to the scheme, within the first three hours. A higher incidence of pain was reported in the control group, together with glycemic variability, apart from reports of nausea, vomiting and complications such as fever and paralytic ileus. An average hospital stay of 24 hours was achieved in the case group, while it was longer in the traditional group. Conclusions: The designed work protocol contributed to early recovery(AU)

Recomendaciones para un protocolo Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) de craneotomía electiva / Recommendations for an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol (ERAS) for elective craniotomy

La implementación de un protocolo Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), que consiste en un conjunto de medidas perioperatorias orientadas a mejorar el desenlace postoperatorio y a disminuir la estadía hospitalaria, las tasas de complicaciones y los costos económicos, ha sido costo-beneficiosa en muchas especialidades quirúrgicas. En neurocirugía, sin embargo, no existe actualmente un protocolo ERAS de amplio uso para craneotomía electiva. Experiencias iniciales, obtenidas tras la implementación de unos pocos protocolos ERAS para dicha intervención, son alentadoras, demostrando disminuir la estadía hospitalaria y el dolor postoperatorio y aumentando la satisfacción del paciente, sin aumentar las complicaciones. En el presente artículo formulamos recomendaciones que podrían utilizarse para diseñar un protocolo ERAS para una realidad particular, en base a un análisis de la evidencia actual sobre intervenciones que han demostrado disminuir las complicaciones y la estadía hospitalaria.

The implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol (ERAS) consisting of a set of perioperative measures aimed at improving the post-operatory outcome, shortening hospital stay, and reducing the rate of complications and economic costs has been cost-beneficial in many surgical specialties. However, there is currently no widely used ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy in neurosurgery. Initial experience with implementation of some ERAS protocols for said intervention are encouraging, showing shortened hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and higher patient satisfaction with no increase in complications. In this article we draw up recommendations which could be used in the designing of an ERAS protocol for a specific situation, based on an analysis of current evidence on interventions which have been shown to reduce complications and hospital stay.

Protocolo fisioterapêutico aplicado no pós-operatório imediato para recuperação acelerada de pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos torácicos no Hospital Santa Marcelina ­ Itaquera (PROSM): estudo clínico randomizado / Physiotherapeutic protocol applied in the immediate postoperative period for accelerated recovery of patients submitted to thoracic surgery at the Hospital Santa Marcelina (Brazil): randomized clinical trial

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia torácica pode causar uma série de complicações pulmonares após o processo cirúrgico. O momento e a circunstância ideais para sedestação fora do leito e suas implicações clínicas, após cirurgias no tórax, ainda necessitam de padronização. Assim, faz-se necessário um tratamento de mobilização precoce adequado visando minimizar as complicações no período pós-operatório. OBJETIVOS: Objetivamos avaliar o efeito do atendimento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia torácica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este será um ensaio clínico randomizado, no qual um grupo de pacientes submetidos às cirurgias de ressecções pulmonares eletivas (segmentectomias, lobectomias ou pneumonectomias) com idade superior a dezoito anos receberão atendimento fisioterapêutico através do PROSM. Serão excluídos os pacientes incapazes de assinar o termo de consentimento livre esclarecido, com performance status comprometido (ECOG superior à 2), com peso corporal inferior à 60 Kg ou superior à 120 Kg, com alergia a qualquer uma das drogas utilizadas na anestesia, portadores de disfunção renal, disfunção hepática (Child B e C) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (classe Funcional III e IV). O instrumento de classificação do grau da dor por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e instrumento de classificação da independência funcional por meio da Escala MIF (medida de independência funcional) serão aplicados antes do início e após o término de cada sessão de fisioterapia. Também será analisado o número de sessões de cada paciente e o tempo de internação. Para análise estatística será utilizado o programa SPSS Statistics e o teste de Shapiro-Wilk será usado para identificar a normalidade dos dados coletados. Espera-se um menor tempo de internação e melhor independência funcional na alta hospitalar nos pacientes submetidos ao PROSM. [AU]

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic surgery can cause a series of pulmonary complications after the surgical procedure. The ideal timing and circumstance for out-of-bed sedation and its clinical implications, after chest surgeries, still require standardization. Thus, an appropriate early mobilization treatment is necessary in order to minimize complications in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effect of physical therapy care in the immediate postoperative period of patients undergoing thoracic surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This will be a randomized clinical trial in which a group of patients undergoing elective pulmonary resections (segmentectomies, lobectomies or pneumonectomies) aged over eighteen years will receive physiotherapeutic care through PROSM. Patients under the age of eighteen years, unable to sign the informed consent form, with compromised performance status (ECOG greater than 2), with a body weight below 60 kg or greater than 120 kg, with a history of allergy to any of the drugs used in anesthesia, patients with renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction (Child B and C) and Heart Failure (Functional class III and IV). The instrument of classification of pain grade by means of the Visual Analogue Scale (EVA) and instrument of classification of functional independence by means of the MIF Scale (functional independence measure) will be applied before the beginning and after the end of each physiotherapy session. We will also analyze the number of sessions of each patient and the length of hospital stay. For statistical analysis, the SPSS Statistics program will be used and the Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to identify the normality of the data collected. It is expected a shorter hospitalization time and better functional independence at hospital discharge in patients submitted to PROSM. [AU]

The application value of enhanced recovery surgery in perioperative period of Laparoscopic assisted colorectal cancer surgery / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the value of enhanced recovery surgery(ERAS)in perioperative period of laparoscopic assisted colorectal cancer surgery.Methods From November 2015 to July 2016,86 patients with colorectal cancer treated with colorectal surgery were divided into ERAS group and routine treatment group.All patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer.The operative situation,postoperative recovery and complications were analyzed in this study.Results There was no difference in the operation time and bleeding volume between the operation group and the conventional treatment group(P>0.05).The postoperative ventilation and defecation time in the ERAS group were earlier than those in the routine treatment group.The postoperative hospital stay and the postoperative pain score were lower than those in the routine treatment group.The rate of postoperative complications was lower than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).Conclusion The operation of laparoscopic colorectal cancer under the guidance of ERAS can help patients to recover from hospital,shorten the hospitalization time and reduce the cost of hospitalization.The further application of ERAS should be combined with various disciplines.